CQ HOMELAND SECURITY
Corrected Nov. 25, 2008 – 10:55 a.m.
CIA’s Loss of Top Spies ‘Catastrophic,’ Says Agency Veteran
By Jeff Stein, CQ Staff
Only a few months ago, Sam Faddis was running a CIA unit charged with preventing terrorists from getting nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.
Today, only 50, the equivalent of a full colonel at the top of his game, he has quit.
Scores more like him, Faddis says, spies with years of working the back alleys of the world, have walked away from the CIA’s Operations Directorate at the top of their careers, at a time when the agency needs their skills the most.
The directorate is losing “25 or 30 chiefs of station” — the top CIA representative in a country or major city — “or their equivalent” at headquarters, every six months, Faddis estimates.
That’s out of an estimated thousand or fewer case officers — the men and women who recruit and manage spies — worldwide.
“The effect in any time in history would be serious,” Faddis says, “but at this time, when you’re trying to rebuild the agency from the cutbacks of the Clinton years, massively trying to catch up, at a time when you really need your most experienced people to run operations and mentor the new blood coming in, it’s catastrophic.”
“It’s getting to the point where we just don’t have any experience on the ground,” Faddis maintained during several hours of conversation over the past two weeks.
“It bears emphasizing that, where during the Cold War, it was a catastrophe to be [unmasked as a CIA agent] and sent home, if you screw up now, people die. The tolerance for mistakes is less than ever,” he said.
Faddis declined either to confirm or deny that any CIA personnel have died combating terrorism since the Sept. 11 attacks.
But the grim, mum faces of former spies I’ve asked about agency casualties since that day speak for themselves.
A former program manager in the Operations Directorate, speaking on condition of anonymity because he still does contracting work with the agency, agreed with Faddis.
“It’s comparable to the hemorrhage of junior officers from the Army right now, in the sense that these are leaders whose experience and hands-on ability right in front of their people on the front line is so critical,” he said.
The CIA has said that money is luring away its best old hands. And it’s true that a large number come back as private contractors, doing virtually the same jobs at twice the pay.
Some say there are more contractors filling desk in the directorate now than career officers.
But many don’t return, Faddis maintains. And, theoretically, he and other operations veterans say, contractors can’t take leadership positions that have been emptied.
The CIA flatly denies there’s a hemorrhage of senior personnel.
“Last year, for example, it was in the neighborhood of 7 percent of GS-15s in the National Clandestine Service,” spokesman Paul Gimigliano said.
“And that’s somewhat below what it had been in previous years,” he continued. “It’s all quite modest. The notion of dramatic losses at that grade, or any other, is simply incorrect.”
A Culture of Timidity
In any event, it’s not the money sending them into retirement, the veteran spies I’ve been talking to say.
It’s the directorate’s management, which they maintain rewards sycophants at headquarters over operatives who have been “carrying out aggressive operations in dangerous places,” as Faddis put it.
“I think that one of the things that they’ve tried to portray over the last several years is that everybody’s leaving for the money,” he said. “And that’s not true.
“I mean, the money makes it easier. Nobody joined the CIA to make money. If money was your driving force, you never would have been there in the first place,” Faddis said. “People leave because they’re just fed up. They leave because of the management structure. They say, ‘I’ve tried and I’ve tried and I’ve tried to change this place, and it’s just never going to turn the corner and I’m done.’ That’s the sentiment.”
Virtually none of the team chiefs and case officers who led the first CIA units into Afghanistan and Iraq remain with the agency, said Faddis, who recently co-authored a memoir (with counterterrorism specialist Mike Tucker), “Operation Hotel California: The Clandestine War Inside Iraq.”
It’s because the DO is plagued by a culture of “timidity and risk aversion,” Faddis said.
“But frankly I think there are other factors,” he added. “There’s a general perception of cronyism, favoritism, that the way to get promoted — that the guys who are not being promoted are the guys who are doing aggressive operations in dangerous parts of the world. If you’re a chief of station in a dangerous part of the world running aggressive operations, and your contemporary is a staff aide sitting on the seventh floor in meetings, there’s no question of who’s getting promoted. It’s the guy standing next to the boss telling him what he wants to hear. It’s not the guy in a dangerous place really trying to take the fight to the enemy.”
An agency operation veteran who recently penned an unauthorized memoir under the pseudonym “Ishmael Jones” advised the CIA to “cut layers of management ruthlessly to speed operations and to put more spies on the street.”
“Accepting the CIA’s ploy that it just needs a few more years to hire the right people” is wrong, Jones said. “The CIA has used this ploy for decades. The CIA has all the qualified people it needs. The problem is that they are poorly led.”
Burrowing In
Gary Berntsen, a former station chief who led one of the first CIA teams into Afghanistan after 9/11, agrees. He left in disgust over management.
In a new book, “Human Intelligence, Counterterrorism & National Leadership,” Berntsen writes that the agency’s personnel problems predated the Bush administration, but the president waited too long to double the size of the Operations Directorate.
“The act was welcome, but betrayed the fact that he had not sought an accurate understanding of the size and needs of he Clandestine Service during his first term in the White House.”
And still today, Berntsen says, “the most ambitious officers in the Clandestine Service have sought minimal time in the field and burrowed themselves in the CIA headquarters bureaucracy to attain advancement.”
So what?
According to some accounts, the CIA’s Predator drones and other new technologies are making up for the shortage of spies in the field. The veterans would take issue with that, but they also remind that the spy agency has other yawning missions: China and Russia, for starters.
The spy agency is “bleeding out” with the mass departure of veterans who learned how to spy the hard way, on the streets of hostile foreign environments, Faddis says. “There’s not enough people on the ground with any experience.”
“At minimum, what it means is that you can’t run certain kinds of operations,” he said. “You just can’t do it, you just don’t have — maybe you have the best and brightest coming in these days, and I don’t want to denigrate them — but there’s just no substitute for experience. At some point you need someone to clue you in on how to do this.”
His hair turning silver, but still youthful looking from days spent skippering his boat in the Chesapeake, Faddis says, “to me the real tragedy is there’s just a whole bunch of guys floating around here who are not in the building, but should be.”
Jeff Stein can be reached at jstein@cq.com.
First posted Oct. 17, 2008 9:27 p.m.
Correction
Corrects authorship of Operation Hotel California.
Comments
Sometimes I wonder if all our spying and huge military complex aren't part of the reason that there is so little peace in the world. We spend more on the military than all the other nations of the world put together. Most of us have traditionally thought that we needed the CIA spying for us and at the same time have been nearly as afraid of the things they do as we have been of the things the KGB did. If the CIA knocked on your door with a few questions, but would be your gut reaction? We have no idea, and as the article says, we won't be told, how many CIA operatives have been killed. And we have no idea how many they have killed in our name. Is anyone proud of Abu Graib? What do we want our country to be about and how do we accomplish that. I don't have all the answers, but I have developed a great many questions.
One name: Valerie Plame. I doubt her (former) colleagues appreciate that the Bush Administration outed her, and basically got away with it. Would you want to work in a covert position for a government that betrays its own?
Hey Karela, why don't we find out. Why don't we all vote for peace, hope and change...let's vote for Obama and see what happens. Let's bet it all on red. Then, when we are all working for the Russians or Chinese in box apartments wearing red stars on our pajamas, we can reminisce about the big bad old CIA...but only to ourselves as free speech will be an ancient memory by then. Cheers, John
A whole article and not one word about Valerie Plame? I'm sure that the Bush administration's treason against the country and the CIA had nothing to do with our agents deciding they'd rather make big money than risk their lives for an ungrateful administation.
Hey John: Now that Comrade Bush has implemented the last phase of his financial nationalization scheme, perhaps your depiction of the future is not far off.
Karela..... I have all the answers because I asked and answered all the questions that you are wisely starting to ask. Amusingly, the answers are of no value to any human mind that does not form each question. Enjoy the show. DougBuchanan.com
"The effect in any time in history would be serious," Faddis says, "but at this time, when you're trying to rebuild the agency from the cutbacks of the Clinton years.... Please tell me this article is mislabled and is actually from June 2000 or so. No? I guess you get Intelligence Agencies that you deserve. In this case, those that don't really know what they have been doing during 8 years.
Rebuilding the CIA after the Clinton years? This article is a joke based on lies.
Dornan, Yes...they have been rebuilding following the Clinton era cuts and are still doing so. Clinton didn't appreciate the CIA at all. In fact, 6 months after taking office, he stopped attending the morning intelligence reports from the CIA director. Arguing that "I want to focus on domestic issues." Well, while he was focusing on those domestic issues, al-Qaeda was preparing for 9/11. If you look at the facts, Clinton nearly crippled the CIA with budget cuts and mass firings. By 2000, the CIA lacked fluent translators and experienced case workers/operatives. Sad but true.
The Truth of Spy Fiction A new subgenre of spy fiction tells the life of a spy like it is An article entitled "An Emerging Trend in Spy Fiction: Retired James Bonds Become Ian Flemings" posted on SpyWise.net identifies a new development in spy fiction, that consists of spy novels written by retired intelligence professionals which portray the business of espionage the way it really is, rather than the way it is normally presented in literature, on TV, or on the silver screen. The conclusions of the SpyWise article are especially relevant in the context of this "CQ Politics" article, which highlights the gap between CIA management and operations officers in the field. This article quotes from a new book, "Human Intelligence, Counterterrorism & National Leadership", by Gary Berntsen, a former station chief who led one of the first CIA teams into Afghanistan after 9/11. Berntsen says, "the most ambitious officers in the Clandestine Service have sought minimal time in the field and burrowed themselves in the CIA headquarters bureaucracy to attain advancement." The article on SpyWise.net has a similar quote from "The Dream Merchant of Lisbon" (2004) by Gene Coyle, a retired CIA operations officer. There the narrator says that the book's main character (Shawn Reilly) would have had a better career with the CIA, if he had "concentrated more on the bureaucratic side of the business and taken management positions" behind a desk, "but he was a street case officer at heart." The Headquarters-Field divide is an issue that is common to all four of the novels in the SpyWise article. The SpyWise article points to reviews of "Voices Under Berlin" by T.H.E. Hill, and "Edge of Allegiance" by Thomas Murphy that characterize these two novels as "relevant for today," because the novels' main characters have the set of skills that made it possible to win the Cold War, remarking that this skill set is what is needed today to win the war on Terror. Unfortunately, as Sam Faddis, who was running a CIA unit charged with preventing terrorists from getting nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, says in this article, "at a time when you really need your most experienced people to run operations and mentor the new blood coming in, it's catastrophic" for all the experienced people to be leaving the Agency. "To me," says Faddis, "the real tragedy is there's just a whole bunch of guys floating around here who are not in the building, but should be." The same point is made in the books discussed in the SpyWise article. The conclusion of the SpyWise article is that "there is clearly more than just a 'war story' woven into the warp of words in these novels." While the novels discussed in the SpyWise review "may not speak to publishers' and literary agents' perceptions of what it takes to put their bottom line in the black in the dog-eat-dog modern literary marketplace, ... they do speak to those interested in the reality of the human condition of America's spies". There's more truth in this subgenre of spy fiction than meets the eye at first glance.
I have lost all respect for the Agency since it gave falsified intelligence that led to Iraq invasion.
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